教案资源
Section ⅢGrammar
语 境 自 主 领 悟 | |
先观察原句 | 后自主感悟 |
阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法 1.Shesaid，“Idon'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo，butIwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend，andIshallcallmyfriendKitty.” 2.TheysaythatthisboyandIhavefalleninlove. 3.Annesaidshedidn'tdareopenawindow. 4.Theteacherasksusifafriendalwayshastobeaperson. | 引述别人的话一般采用两种方式：一种是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内，这叫直接引语(DirectSpeech)；另一种是用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的话不放在引号内，这叫间接引语(IndirectSpeech)。 间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。 |
一、直接引语变间接引语时人称的变化
直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应地变化。口诀如下：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文确定一个人称)相一致的人称。“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，hers，it，its，they，their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。
一随主：Hesaid，“I like it very much.”
→Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.(I改为he，it不变)
二随宾：Hesaid，“You told me this story.”
→HesaidthatIhadtoldhimthatstory.(You改为I，me改为him，told改为hadtold)
第三人称不更新：Hesaidtome，“She's left her book in your room.”
→Hetoldmethatshehadleftherbookinmyroom.(She's改为shehad，her不变，your改为my)
[即时演练1] 句型转换
①Theworkerssaid，“The leaders often make the workers work extra hours.”
→Theworkerssaidthattheleadersoftenmadetheworkersworkextrahours.
②Marysaid，“I want to have a computer of my own.”
→Marysaidthatshewantedtohaveacomputerofherown.
③Hercolleaguesaidtoher，“Whodidyouaskforaleave？”
→Hercolleagueaskedherwhoshehadaskedforaleave.
二、直接引语变间接引语时时态的变化
1．主句的谓语动词是一般过去时。
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时，动词时态相应变化见下表：
直接引语 | 间接引语 |
一般现在时 | 一般过去时 |
现在进行时 | 过去进行时 |
现在完成时 | 过去完成时 |
一般过去时 | 过去完成时 |
过去完成时 | 过去完成时 |
一般将来时 | 过去将来时 |
一般将来进行时 | 过去将来进行时 |
一般将来完成时 | 过去将来完成时 |
①Hesaid，“I usually watch TV on Sunday.”
→HesaidthatheusuallywatchedTVonSunday.
②Hesaid，“I'm using the knife.”
→Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.
③Hesaid，“I came to help you.”
→Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.
[名师点津]
直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言，与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
Theteachersaid，“The earth is round.”
→Theteachersaidthattheearthisround.
Hesaid，“I was born in Shandong in 1965.”
→HesaidthathewasborninShandongin1965.
2．主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时。
如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变。
①Hesays，“I finished the work.”
→Hesaysthathefinishedthework.
②Hewillsay，“I have watered the flowers.”
→Hewillsaythathehaswateredtheflowers.
[即时演练2] 句型转换
①Hisfriendsaidtohim，“We are planning to have a picnic.”
→Hisfriendtoldhimthattheywereplanningtohaveapicnic.
②Theorganizersaid，“We have begun our plan.”
→Theorganizersaidthattheyhadbeguntheirplan.
③Myteachersaidtousyesterday，“Early birds catch worms.”
→Myteachertoldusyesterdaythatearlybirdscatchworms．
三、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化见下表
类型 | 直接引语 | 间接引语 |
指示代词 | this/these | that/those |
时间状语
| now | then |
today | thatday | |
tonight | thatnight | |
thisweek(month...) | thatweek(month...) | |
yesterday | thedaybefore | |
lastweek(month...) | theweek(month...) before | |
twoweeks (months...)ago | twoweeks(months...)before | |
tomorrow | thenextday | |
nextweek(month...) | thenextweek(month...) | |
地点状语 | here | there |
动词
| come | go |
bring | take |
①Hesaid，“I met Mr Smith this morning.”
→HesaidthathehadmetMrSmiththatmorning.
②Hesaid，“We went to the cinema yesterday.”
→Hesaidthattheyhadgonetothecinemathedaybefore.
[名师点津]
当直接引语为陈述句，主句为过去时时，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：
去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。
Shesaid，“My brother doesn't want to go there.”
→Shesaidthatherbrotherdidn'twanttocomehere.
[即时演练3] 句型转换
①Sheasked，“Isthisbookhis？”
→Sheaskedwhetherthatbookwashis.
②Hesaid，“It's ten o'clock now.”
→Hesaidthatitwasteno'clockthen．
③Hesaid，“I'll come here tonight.”
→Hesaidthathewouldgotherethatnight.
四、连接词的选择
1．直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。 在口语中，that可以省略。
Hesaid，“I was cooking when the earthquake happened.”
→Hesaid(that)hewascookingwhentheearthquakehappened.
[名师点津]
直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“said to sb.”常改为“told sb.”。
Shesaidtome，“I came back an hour ago.”
→Shetoldme(that)shehadcomebackanhourbefore.
2．直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句，间接引语中用whether(...or...或...ornot)或if引导。
Hesaid，“AreyouinterestedinEnglish？”
→Heasked(me)if/whetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.
[名师点津]
如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。
3．直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。
“What'syourname？”heaskedme.
→Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.
[名师点津]
疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。
[即时演练4] 句型转换
①Mothersaidtoherdaughter，“Areyousatisfiedwithyournewroom？”
→Motheraskedherdaughterwhether/ifshewassatisfiedwithhernewroom.
②“Whenwillthesportsmeetbeheld？”hesaid.
→Heaskedwhenthesportsmeetwouldbeheld.
③Thelittleboysaid，“I was playing with my toys when someone knocked at the door.”
→Thelittleboysaid(that)hewasplayingwithhistoyswhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.
Ⅰ.将下列直接引语变为间接引语
1．Hesaid，“I've left my book in my room.”
→Hesaidthathehadlefthisbookinhisroom．
2．ShesaidtoTom，“Canyouhelpme？”
→SheaskedTomwhetherhecouldhelpher．
3．Shesaid，“He will be busy.”
→Shesaidthathewouldbebusy．
4．Theteacherasked，“Howdidyourepairit？”
→TheteacheraskedmehowIrepairedit．
5．Theteachersaid，“Practice makes perfect.”
→Theteachersaidthatpracticemakesperfect．
6．Hesaid，“We are still students.”
→Hesaidthattheywerestillstudents．
7．Theyoungmansaidtome，“I was born in 1990.”
→Theyoungmantoldmethathewasbornin1990.
8．Hesaid，“The film had begun when I got to the cinema.”
→Hesaidthatthefilmhadbegunwhenhegottothecinema．
9．Iaskedtheteacher，“Whenshallwehaveoursportsmeeting？”
→Iaskedtheteacherwhenweshouldhaveoursportsmeeting.
10．Shesaid，“I'll do it tonight.”
→Shesaidthatshewoulddoitthatnight．
Ⅱ.单句改错(每个句子仅有1处错误)
1．JohnsaidthatheisgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.
is→was
2．Theysaidthattheywouldhaveamatchnextweek.
next前加the
3．HetoldmethathehastaughtEnglishfortenyears.has→had
4．TheteachertoldmethatImustpaymoreattentiontohispronunciation.
his→my
5．Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethisevening.this→that
6．Hesaidthathewaswashinghisclothesnow.now→then
7．ShetoldmethatshewasstudyingChinesethesedays.
these→those
8．Hesaidthathehadboughtthehouse10yearsago.ago→before
9．Theteachertoldusthatthesunwasbiggerthanthemoon.
was→is
10．HeaskedmewhoIam.am→was
