曼德拉——南非首位黑人总统，被尊称为南非国父。曼德拉是一位伟人，也是人们敬仰的英雄。对于曼德拉，你了解多少呢？

NelsonMandela: SixThingsYouDidn'tKnow

NelsonMandelawasveryfamous.Butherearesixthingsyoumaynothaveknownabouthim.

1．Hewasaboxingfan.

Inhisyouth, NelsonMandelaenjoyedboxingandlong­distancerunning.Evenduringthe27yearshespentinprison, hewouldexerciseeverymorning.

2．HisoriginalnamewasnotNelson.

RolihlahlaMandelawasnineyearsoldwhenateacherattheprimaryschoolwherehewasstudyinggavehimanEnglishname－Nelson.

3．HewasonaUSterrorwatchlistuntil2008.

MrMandelawasonlyabletovisittheUSwithspecialpermissionfromthesecretaryofstate, becausetheANChadbeenconsideredasaterroristorganizationbySouthAfrica'sformergovernment.

4．Heforgothisglasseswhenhewasfreedfromprison.

MrMandelawasfreedon11February, 1990.Whenhepulledoutthetextofhisspeech, herealizedhehadforgottenhisreadingglassesandhadtoborrowhiswife's.

5．Oncehedressedupasadrivertoescapethepolice.

Heusedtodressupasadrivertoescapethepolicewhilegoingundergroundinthecountry.

6．Hehadhisownlawfirm, butittookhimyearstogetalawdegree.

MrMandelastudiedlawonandofffor50yearsfrom1939，failingabouthalfthecourseshetook.Hefinallygotalawdegreewhileinprisonin1989.

[阅读障碍词]

1．boxingn．拳击

2．originaladj.最初的，起初的

3．terrorn．恐怖

4．permissionn．允许

5．formeradj.以前的，前任的

[诱思导读]

阅读短文，判断正误(T/F)

1．NelsonMandelalikedboxingwhenhewasveryold.(　　)

2．NelsonMandelalefthisreadingglassesintheprisonwhenhewasfreed.(　　)

[答案]1.F2.T

Section ⅠWarming Up，Pre­reading & Reading

Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思

(　　)1.meanA．adj.法律的；依照法律的

(　　)2.selfishB．vt.&vi.投票；选举n．投票；

选票；表决

(　　)3.lawyerC．n.暴力；暴行

(　　)4.legalD．n.联盟；同盟

(　　)5.feeE．n.律师

(　　)6.leagueF．n.费(会费、学费等)；酬金

(　　)7.violenceG．adj.不公正的；不公平的

(　　)8.voteH．adj.乐意的；自愿的

(　　)9.willingI．adj.自私的

(　　)10.unfairJ．adj.吝啬的；卑鄙的；自私的

[答案]1－5JIEAF6－10DCBHG

Ⅱ.选择下列词组的汉语意思

A．失业　B．爆炸　C．求助于；致力于D．事实上  E．在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑的处境中F．乐意做……

(　　)1.It'saniceplace.We'vestayedthereourselves，asamatteroffact.

(　　)2.Ifyoucan'tpaythebill，you'regoingtobeintrouble.

(　　)3.Inthatcity，nearlyonethirdofthepopulationisoutofworkandtheyhavenothingtodoeveryday.

(　　)4.Withnoonetoturntoinherdifficulttimes，mymotherfeltbad.

(　　)5.Thecompanyiswillingtoprovideuswithwhatweneeded.

(　　)6.Hewasputinprisonfortryingtoblowupaplane.

[答案]1－6DEACFB

ELIAS' STORY

MynameisElias.IamapoorblackworkerinSouthAfrica.ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.Iwastwelveyearsold.Itwasin1952andMandelawastheblacklawyer(律师) towhomIwentforadvice①. Heofferedguidance(指导) topoorblackpeopleontheirlegal(法律的) problems.Hewasgenerouswithhistime, forwhichIwasgrateful②.

伊莱亚斯的故事

我叫伊莱亚斯。我是南非一个穷苦的黑人工人。第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。当时我才12岁。那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求建议的黑人律师。他为黑人提供法律问题上的指导。他对此从不吝惜自己的时间，在这一点上我很感激他。

[助读讲解]①towhom 引导定语从句，修饰先行词theblacklawyer。介词to与从句中went 搭配(gotosb.foradvice 去某处寻求建议)。②forwhich 引导定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。

IneededhishelpbecauseIhadverylittleeducation.Ibeganschool③atsix.TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytwoyears④wasthreekilometresaway.Ihadtoleavebecausemyfamilycouldnotcontinuetopaytheschoolfees(学费) andthebusfare.Icouldnotreadorwritewell.Aftertryinghard, Igotajobinagoldmine.However，thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg⑤. SadlyIdidnothaveonebecauseIwasnotbornthere，andIworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbecomeoutofwork(失业)．

我需要他的帮助是因为我只受过很少的教育。我六岁开始上学。我仅仅读了两年的那所学校有三公里远。我不得不辍学，因为我的家庭无法支付学费和交通费。我既不会读，也不会写。几经周折，我才在一家金矿上找到一份工作。然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。可悲的是，我没有身份证，因为我不是在那里出生的，因而我担心我会失业。

[助读讲解]③schooln．学校教育。④where 引导定语从句，修饰theschool。⑤Thisis/wasatimewhen...这是一个……的时期。when引导定语从句，修饰atime。

ThedaywhenNelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.Hetoldmehowtogetthecorrectpapers⑥soIcouldstayinJohannesburg.Ibecamemorehopeful(有希望的) aboutmyfuture.IneverforgothowkindMandelawas.WhenheorganizedtheANCYouthLeague(非国大青年联盟), IjoineditassoonasIcould.Hesaid：

“Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress⑦，untiltodaywehavereachedastage(阶段) wherewehavealmostnorightsatall⑧.”

有纳尔逊·曼德拉帮助的日子是我一生中最快乐的时光。他告诉我要想在约翰内斯堡立住脚，应当如何获取所需证件。我对自己的未来更充满了信心。我永远不会忘记曼德拉是多么善良。 当他组织了非国大青年联盟时，我马上就参加了这个组织。他说：

“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。”

[助读讲解]⑥papersn．证件。⑦see此处用了拟人化的写作手法，意为“目睹，见证”。⑧where引导定语从句，修饰先行词astage。

Itwasthetruth.Blackpeoplecouldnotvote(选举) orchoosetheirleaders.Theycouldnotgetthejobstheywanted.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.TheplacesoutsidethetownswheretheyweresenttolivewerethepoorestpartsofSouthAfrica.Noonecouldgrowfoodthere.InfactasNelsonMandelasaid：

“...wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant, orfightthegovernment⑨.Wechosetoattack(攻击) thelaws.Wefirstbrokethelawinawaywhichwaspeaceful; whenthiswasnotallowed...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolence(暴力) withviolence⑩.”

他说的是事实。黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。他们不能做自己想做的工作。他们在城里的住宅区都是由白人决定的。他们被打发去居住的城镇之外的地方是南非最贫穷的地区。在那儿没有人能够种庄稼。事实上，就像纳尔逊·曼德拉所说的：

“……我们被置于这样一个境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。我们选择向法律进攻。首先我们用和平的方式来打破原有的法律法规，而当这种方式也得不到允许时……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。”

[助读讲解]⑨inwhich 引导定语从句，修饰先行词aposition。⑩“only＋状语”位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。

Asamatteroffact, Idonotlikeviolence...butin1963Ihelpedhimblowup(爆炸) somegovernmentbuildings.ItwasverydangerousbecauseifIwascaughtIcouldbeputinprison⑪. ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieve⑫ourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal⑬．

事实上，我并不喜欢暴力……但在1963年的时候，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。那是很危险的事情，因为如果我被抓住了，可能要坐牢。但是，我乐意帮忙，因为我知道，这有助于实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。

[助读讲解]⑪putsb.inprison 将某人关进监狱。⑫achievevt.实现，达到，完成⑬此处构成“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，equal作宾补。

第一步　速读——了解文章主题和段落大意

Ⅰ.阅读P34课文内容，选择最佳答案

What'sthemainideaofthetext?

A．Thelifeofblackworkers.

B．ThefightbetweenMandelaandthewhitepeople.

C．ThestoriesbetweenMandelaandElias.

D．TheeducationofElias.

[答案]C

Ⅱ.根据P34课文内容匹配段落大意

1．Para.1A．Blackpeople'srights

2．Para.2B．Elias' self­introduction

3．Para.3C．MandelahelpedElias

4．Paras.4，6D．Elias' truefeelingandactions

5．Para.5E．Elias' trouble—pooreducation andjob

6．Para.7F．Mandela'sspeeches

[答案]1－6BECFAD

第二步　细读——把控文章关键信息

根据P34课文内容，选出最佳答案

1．WhichofthefollowingsituationsisNOTthetruththattheblackpeoplewerefacedwithatthattime?

A．Theyhadnorighttovote.

B．Theycouldn'tgetthejobstheywanted.

C．TheyhadtoliveinthepoorestpartsofSouthAfrica.

D．Theycouldn'tturntoalawyerfortheirownrights.

2．Peoplewithoutapassbookmay．

A．beallowedtoliveinJohannesburg

B．beoutofwork

C．bethosewhowerebornthere

D．beallowedtoattendtheschool

3．WasEliashappytohelpblowupthebuildings?

A．No，becausehedislikedviolence.

B．Yes，becausehewantedtothankMr.Mandela.

C．No，becausehethoughthemightbecaughtandputinprison.

D．Yes，becausemakingblackandwhitepeopleequalwastheirdream.

4．FromMr.Mandela'ssaying，wecangetsuchaconclusionthat．

A．Mr.Mandelawantedtobreakthelawinaviolentwayinthebeginning

B．blackpeoplehadbeengivenmorerights

C．blackpeopleshouldriseuptofightfortheirownrightsafteryearsofbeingruled

D．theycouldforcethegovernmenttogiveupeasily

5．WhichcanbestdescribeMandela'sambition(抱负)?

A．Idisagreewithwhatyousay，butI'lldefendtothedeathyourrighttosayit.

—Voltaire

B．Don'taskwhatyourcountrycandoforyou，butaskwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.

—Kennedy

C．Weholdthesetruthstobeself­evidentthatallmenarecreatedequal.

—MartinLutherKing

D．Loveruleshiskingdomwithoutasword.

—Herbert

[答案]1－5DBDCC

第三步　研读——能力升华　接轨高考

根据P34课文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式

EliasisapoorblackworkerinSouthAfrica.He1.began (begin) schoolatsixandgotajobinagoldmine.Buthewasalwaysworriedaboutbeingout2.ofworkbecausehedidn'thaveapassbook.Itwasin1952thatEliasfirst3.met(meet) NelsonMandela4.that/whohelpedhimtogetone.

EliasjoinedtheANC5.Youth(young) League6.organized(organize) byNelsonMandelaandhelpedMandelablowupsomegovernmentbuildings7.thoughhedidnotlikeviolenceanditwas8.dangerous(danger) forhim.Heknewhedidthis9.torealize (realize)theirdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeople10.equal(equality)．