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Unit2SectionⅠ 高中英语必修1 同步Word教参(人教版)
作者:wy 来源: 发布时间:2022-09-20 22:29:15 累计阅读:

英语是一种使用很广泛的语言英语的历史真正起源于公元5纪其他民族到达英国。

ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguagereallystartedwhenotherpeoplesarrivedinEnglandduringthe5thcentury.

OldEnglish

TheinvadingGermansspokesimilarlanguages, whichinBritaindevelopedintowhatwenowcallOldEnglish.OldEnglishdidn'tsoundorlooklikeEnglishtoday.NativeEnglishspeakersnowwouldhavegreatdifficultyunderstandingOldEnglish.HoweverabouthalfofthemostcommonlyusedwordsinModernEnglishhaveOldEnglishroots.

MiddleEnglish

In1066, theNormaninvadedandconqueredEngland.TheyalsobroughtwiththemakindofFrenchwhichbecamethelanguageoftherulingandbusinessclasses.Foraperiod, thelowerclassesspokeEnglishandtheupperclassesspokeFrench.Inthe14thcentury, Englishbecamedominant(占优势的) inBritainagain, withmanyFrenchwordsadded.ThislanguageiscalledMiddleEnglish.

LateModernEnglish

ThemaindifferencebetweenEarlyModernEnglishandLateModernEnglishisvocabulary.LateModernEnglishhasmanymorewords, resultingfromtwomainfactorsfirstly, technologydevelopmentcreatedaneedfornewwordssecondly, theBritishEmpireatitsheightcoveredonequarteroftheearth'ssurface, andtheEnglishlanguageusedforeignwordsfrommanycountries.

NowtherearemanyothervarietiesofEnglishintheworld, suchasAustralianEnglish, NewZealandEnglish, CanadianEnglish, SouthAfricanEnglish, IndianEnglishandCaribbeanEnglish.

[阅读障碍词]

1invadevt.&vi.侵入侵略

2rootn.根根源 v.生根

3upperadj.地位较高的上面的

4factorn.因素

5varietyn.多样种类多样化

[诱思导读]

阅读短文回答问题

1Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.

2What'sthemaindifferencebetweenEarlyModernEnglishandLateModernEnglish?

Vocabulary.

Section Warming UpPre­reading & Reading


.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思

(  )1.officialA.adv.实际上;事实上

(  )2.nativeBadj.本国的;本地的

n本地(国)人

(  )3.apartmentCn.汽油

(  )4.actuallyDadj.官方的;正式的;公务的

(  )5.graduallyEn.本身;本体;身份

(  )6.vocabularyFadv.常常;频繁地

(  )7.identityGadv.逐渐地;逐步地

(  )8.fluentHadj.流利的;流畅的

(  )9.frequentlyIn.词汇;词汇量;词表

(  )10.petrolJn.公寓住宅;单元住宅

[答案]15DBJAG610IEHFC

.选择下列句中相应词语的汉语意思

A因为;由于 B.走近;提出 C.建立在……基础之上 D.目前;现在 E.利用;使用 F.例如;像这样的

(  )1.Oneshouldalwaysbasehisopiniononfacts.

(  )2.Thequestionhasn'tcomeupyet.

(  )3.Icanlendyouthreebookstoreadatpresent.

(  )4.IknowmanyofthemsuchasJohnPeterandTom.

(  )5.Shehadtostayhomebecauseofherson'sillness.

(  )6.Weshouldmakegooduseofourtime.

[答案]16CBDFAE

THEROADTOMODERNENGLISH

Attheendofthe16thcentury, aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.Laterinthenextcentury, peoplefromEnglandmadevoyages(航行;航海) tootherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat, Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.Today, morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst, secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.

现代英语的发展历程

16世纪末期大约有五百万到七百万人说英语。几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。后来17世纪英国人开始航海世界的其他地方因此英语在许多其他国家开始使用。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多了他们有的是作为第一语言来说有的是作为第二语言或外语。

[助读讲解]attheendof 在……尽头在……结束时。②makevoyages/makeavoyageto 航海/航行去……

Native(本国的;本地的) Englishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.Lookatthisexample

BritishBetty: Wouldyouliketoseemyflat?

AmericanAmy: Yes.I'dliketocomeuptoyourapartment.

SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertimeActually(实际;事实上) alllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromtheEnglishspokentoday.Itwasbased(以……为根据) moreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.Thengradually(逐渐地;逐步地) betweenaboutAD800and1150, EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanish(丹麦语) andlaterFrench.ThesenewsettlersenrichedtheEnglishlanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary(词汇;词汇量).Sobythe1600'sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.

以英语作为母语的人即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同也可以相互理解。看这个示例:

国的贝蒂:你想去看看我的公寓吗?

美国的艾米:是的我想去拜访你的公寓。

那么为什么英语经过一段时间发生了变化呢?事实上当不同文化互相交流渗透时所有的语言都会有所变化、有所发展的。起初大约在公元450年到公元1150年期间英国人所说的英语与人们现在所说的英语很不一样。 当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础而我们今天所说的英语不是。然后逐渐地在大约公元800年到1150年期间英语变得不再那么像德语了因为那时的英国统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。这些新定居者丰富了英语语言尤其是它的词汇。所以到17世纪莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。在1620年一些英国人到美国定居。后来在18世纪一些英国人也被带到了澳大利亚。英语开始在这两个国家使用。

[助读讲解]overtimeastimegoesby 随着时间的推移。④过去分词短语spokeninEngland 作后置定语修饰 theEnglish。⑤bedifferentfrom 与……不同

Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettled.AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglishspelling(拼写;拼法) happened: firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryandlaterNoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.Thelattergaveaseparateidentity(本身;本体) toAmericanEnglishspelling.

最后在19世纪这种语言被确定下来。那时英语在拼写上发生了两大变化:首先塞缪尔·约翰逊编写了词典后来诺厄·韦伯斯特编纂了《美国英语词典》。后者体现了美式英语拼写的不同特色。

[助读讲解]settlev.确定解决定居。⑦thelatter 后者。

EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.Forexample, Indiahasaverylargenumberoffluent(频繁的;常见的) EnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.EnglishisalsospokeninSingapore(新加坡) andMalaysia(马来西亚) andcountriesinAfricasuchasSouthAfrica.TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.Infact, ChinamayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentityOnlytimewilltell.

如今英语在南亚也被当作外语或第二语言来使用。例如印度拥有众多讲英语很流利的人因为英国在1765年到1947年统治着印度。那段时期英语成为政府和教育语言。英语还在新加坡和马来西亚以及在像南非这样的非洲国家使用。今天在中国学习英语的人数正在快速地增长。事实上中国可能拥有人数最多的英语学习者。中国英语会发展出自己的特色吗?只有时间可以证明。

[助读讲解]thenumberof...……的数目/数量thenumberof+复数名词”作主语时句子的谓语动词用单数。⑨learningEnglishinChina 为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰people

第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意

速读P910课文内容选择最佳答案/匹配段落大意

1What'sthemainideaofthetext?

AHowtolearnEnglishwell.

BThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.

CThedifferencesbetweenoldEnglishandmodernEnglish.

DEnglishiswidelyusedallovertheworld.

[答案]B

2Para.1ATheexampleofthedifferencebetweendifferentnativeEnglishspeakers.

3Para.2BWideuseofEnglish.

4Para.3CEnglishisalanguagespokenallaroundtheworld.

5Para.4DWhyEnglishhaschangedovertime.

6Para.5EEnglishwassettled.

[答案]26BADEC

第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息

细读P910课文内容选择最佳答案

1WheredidmostoftheEnglishspeakersliveattheendofthe16thcentury?

AAmerica.BEngland.

CSouthAsia.  DSouthAfrica.

2WhendidEnglishbegintobespokeninmanyothercountries?

AInthe17thcentury.

BAttheendofthe16thcentury.

CBetweenaboutAD450and1150.

DInthe19thcentury.

3AccordingtothetextwhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

ALanguagesalwaysstaythesame.

BLanguageschangeonlyafterwars.

CLanguagesnolongerchange.

DLanguageschangewhencultureschange.

4FromParagraph3wecanlearnthatfromAD450to1150Englishsoundedmorelike

AGermanBChinese

CFrenchDRussian

5WhydoesIndiahaveaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakers?

ABecauseIndianslikelearningEnglishverymuch.

BBecauseIndiahasthelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.

CBecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.

DBecauseIndiahasacloserelationshipwithBritain.

[答案]15BADAC

第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考

根据P910课文内容在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Attheendofthe16thcenturyaboutfivetoseven1.million(million)peoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.AspeoplefromEnglandstartedtomovetootherpartsoftheworldEnglishbegantobespokeninmanyother2.countries(country).NowmorepeoplespeakEnglishthanever3.beforeNativeEnglish4.speakers(speak)canunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeak5.thesamekindofEnglish.Howevertheymaynotbeable6.tounderstand(understand) everything.

Alllanguageschangewhenculturesmeetandcommunicate7.witheachother.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Inthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeople8.weretaken(take)toAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.EnglishisalsospokeninmanyothercountriesinAfricaandAsiasuchasSouthAfricaIndiaSingaporeandMalaysia.TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChina9.is(be)increasing10.rapidly(rapid).