教案资源
英语是一种使用很广泛的语言,英语的历史真正起源于公元5世纪其他民族到达英国。
ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguagereallystartedwhenotherpeoplesarrivedinEnglandduringthe5thcentury.
OldEnglish
TheinvadingGermansspokesimilarlanguages, whichinBritaindevelopedintowhatwenowcallOldEnglish.OldEnglishdidn'tsoundorlooklikeEnglishtoday.NativeEnglishspeakersnowwouldhavegreatdifficultyunderstandingOldEnglish.However,abouthalfofthemostcommonlyusedwordsinModernEnglishhaveOldEnglishroots.
MiddleEnglish
In1066, theNormaninvadedandconqueredEngland.TheyalsobroughtwiththemakindofFrench,whichbecamethelanguageoftherulingandbusinessclasses.Foraperiod, thelowerclassesspokeEnglishandtheupperclassesspokeFrench.Inthe14thcentury, Englishbecamedominant(占优势的) inBritainagain, withmanyFrenchwordsadded.ThislanguageiscalledMiddleEnglish.
LateModernEnglish
ThemaindifferencebetweenEarlyModernEnglishandLateModernEnglishisvocabulary.LateModernEnglishhasmanymorewords, resultingfromtwomainfactors:firstly, technologydevelopmentcreatedaneedfornewwords;secondly, theBritishEmpireatitsheightcoveredonequarteroftheearth'ssurface, andtheEnglishlanguageusedforeignwordsfrommanycountries.
NowtherearemanyothervarietiesofEnglishintheworld, suchasAustralianEnglish, NewZealandEnglish, CanadianEnglish, SouthAfricanEnglish, IndianEnglishandCaribbeanEnglish.
[阅读障碍词]
1.invadevt.&vi.侵入,侵略
2.rootn.根,根源 v.生根
3.upperadj.地位较高的,上面的
4.factorn.因素
5.varietyn.多样,种类,多样化
[诱思导读]
阅读短文,回答问题
1.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?
ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.
2.What'sthemaindifferencebetweenEarlyModernEnglishandLateModernEnglish?
Vocabulary.
Section ⅠWarming Up,Prereading & Reading
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.officialA.adv.实际上;事实上
( )2.nativeB.adj.本国的;本地的
n.本地(国)人
( )3.apartmentC.n.汽油
( )4.actuallyD.adj.官方的;正式的;公务的
( )5.graduallyE.n.本身;本体;身份
( )6.vocabularyF.adv.常常;频繁地
( )7.identityG.adv.逐渐地;逐步地
( )8.fluentH.adj.流利的;流畅的
( )9.frequentlyI.n.词汇;词汇量;词表
( )10.petrolJ.n.公寓住宅;单元住宅
[答案]1-5DBJAG6-10IEHFC
Ⅱ.选择下列句中相应词语的汉语意思
A.因为;由于 B.走近;提出 C.建立在……基础之上 D.目前;现在 E.利用;使用 F.例如;像这样的
( )1.Oneshouldalwaysbasehisopiniononfacts.
( )2.Thequestionhasn'tcomeupyet.
( )3.Icanlendyouthreebookstoreadatpresent.
( )4.Iknowmanyofthem,suchasJohn,Peter,andTom.
( )5.Shehadtostayhomebecauseofherson'sillness.
( )6.Weshouldmakegooduseofourtime.
[答案]1-6CBDFAE
THEROADTOMODERNENGLISH
Attheendof①the16thcentury, aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.Laterinthenextcentury, peoplefromEnglandmadevoyages②(航行;航海) tootherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat, Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.Today, morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst, secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.
现代英语的发展历程
16世纪末期,大约有五百万到七百万人说英语。几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。后来,在17世纪,英国人开始航海世界的其他地方,因此,英语在许多其他国家开始使用。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多了,他们有的是作为第一语言来说,有的是作为第二语言或外语。
[助读讲解]①attheendof 在……尽头,在……结束时。②makevoyages/makeavoyageto 航海/航行去……
Native(本国的;本地的) Englishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.Lookatthisexample:
BritishBetty: Wouldyouliketoseemyflat?
AmericanAmy: Yes.I'dliketocomeuptoyourapartment.
SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime③? Actually(实际;事实上) alllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEngland④betweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfrom⑤theEnglishspokentoday.Itwasbased(以……为根据) moreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.Thengradually(逐渐地;逐步地) betweenaboutAD800and1150, EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanish(丹麦语) andlaterFrench.ThesenewsettlersenrichedtheEnglishlanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary(词汇;词汇量).Sobythe1600'sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.
以英语作为母语的人,即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同,也可以相互理解。看这个示例:
英国的贝蒂:你想去看看我的公寓吗?
美国的艾米:是的,我想去拜访你的公寓。
那么,为什么英语经过一段时间发生了变化呢?事实上,当不同文化互相交流渗透时,所有的语言都会有所变化、有所发展的。起初,大约在公元450年到公元1150年期间,英国人所说的英语与人们现在所说的英语很不一样。 当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础,而我们今天所说的英语不是。然后逐渐地在大约公元800年到1150年期间,英语变得不再那么像德语了,因为那时的英国统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。这些新定居者丰富了英语语言尤其是它的词汇。所以到17世纪,莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。在1620年一些英国人到美国定居。后来在18世纪一些英国人也被带到了澳大利亚。英语开始在这两个国家使用。
[助读讲解]③overtime=astimegoesby 随着时间的推移。④过去分词短语spokeninEngland 作后置定语,修饰 theEnglish。⑤bedifferentfrom 与……不同
Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettled⑥.AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglishspelling(拼写;拼法) happened: firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryandlaterNoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.Thelatter⑦gaveaseparateidentity(本身;本体) toAmericanEnglishspelling.
最后在19世纪这种语言被确定下来。那时,英语在拼写上发生了两大变化:首先塞缪尔·约翰逊编写了词典,后来,诺厄·韦伯斯特编纂了《美国英语词典》。后者体现了美式英语拼写的不同特色。
[助读讲解]⑥settlev.确定,解决,定居。⑦thelatter 后者。
EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.Forexample, Indiahasaverylargenumberoffluent(频繁的;常见的) EnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.EnglishisalsospokeninSingapore(新加坡) andMalaysia(马来西亚) andcountriesinAfricasuchasSouthAfrica.Todaythenumberof⑧peoplelearningEnglishinChina⑨isincreasingrapidly.Infact, ChinamayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity?Onlytimewilltell.
如今英语在南亚也被当作外语或第二语言来使用。例如,印度拥有众多讲英语很流利的人,因为英国在1765年到1947年统治着印度。那段时期英语成为政府和教育语言。英语还在新加坡和马来西亚以及在像南非这样的非洲国家使用。今天在中国学习英语的人数正在快速地增长。事实上,中国可能拥有人数最多的英语学习者。中国英语会发展出自己的特色吗?只有时间可以证明。
[助读讲解]⑧thenumberof...……的数目/数量,“thenumberof+复数名词”作主语时,句子的谓语动词用单数。⑨learningEnglishinChina 为现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰people。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P9-10课文内容,选择最佳答案/匹配段落大意
1.What'sthemainideaofthetext?
A.HowtolearnEnglishwell.
B.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.
C.ThedifferencesbetweenoldEnglishandmodernEnglish.
D.Englishiswidelyusedallovertheworld.
[答案]B
2.Para.1A.TheexampleofthedifferencebetweendifferentnativeEnglishspeakers.
3.Para.2B.WideuseofEnglish.
4.Para.3C.Englishisalanguagespokenallaroundtheworld.
5.Para.4D.WhyEnglishhaschangedovertime.
6.Para.5E.Englishwassettled.
[答案]2-6BADEC
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P9-10课文内容,选择最佳答案
1.WheredidmostoftheEnglishspeakersliveattheendofthe16thcentury?
A.America.B.England.
C.SouthAsia. D.SouthAfrica.
2.WhendidEnglishbegintobespokeninmanyothercountries?
A.Inthe17thcentury.
B.Attheendofthe16thcentury.
C.BetweenaboutAD450and1150.
D.Inthe19thcentury.
3.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A.Languagesalwaysstaythesame.
B.Languageschangeonlyafterwars.
C.Languagesnolongerchange.
D.Languageschangewhencultureschange.
4.FromParagraph3,wecanlearnthatfromAD450to1150,Englishsoundedmorelike.
A.GermanB.Chinese
C.FrenchD.Russian
5.WhydoesIndiahaveaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakers?
A.BecauseIndianslikelearningEnglishverymuch.
B.BecauseIndiahasthelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.
C.BecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.
D.BecauseIndiahasacloserelationshipwithBritain.
[答案]1-5BADAC
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P9-10课文内容,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Attheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetoseven1.million(million)peoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.AspeoplefromEnglandstartedtomovetootherpartsoftheworld,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyother2.countries(country).Now,morepeoplespeakEnglishthanever3.before.NativeEnglish4.speakers(speak)canunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeak5.thesamekindofEnglish.However,theymaynotbeable6.tounderstand(understand) everything.
Alllanguageschangewhenculturesmeetandcommunicate7.witheachother.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Inthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeople8.weretaken(take)toAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.EnglishisalsospokeninmanyothercountriesinAfricaandAsia,suchasSouthAfrica,India,SingaporeandMalaysia.TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChina9.is(be)increasing10.rapidly(rapid).